{"id":21687,"date":"2021-05-01T15:13:03","date_gmt":"2021-05-01T12:13:03","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/lorenalupu.com\/blog\/?p=21687"},"modified":"2024-05-01T18:09:46","modified_gmt":"2024-05-01T15:09:46","slug":"de-ce-ziua-muncii-e-importanta","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/lorenalupu.com\/blog\/de-ce-ziua-muncii-e-importanta\/","title":{"rendered":"De ce Ziua Muncii e important\u0103"},"content":{"rendered":"

1 mai, cunoscut\u0103 drept ziua interna\u021bional\u0103 a muncitorilor sau, pe scurt, Ziua Muncii, e una dintre cele mai importante s\u0103rb\u0103tori ale anului. \u0218i nu pentru c\u0103 e ziua c\u00e2nd ne be\u021biv\u0103nim \u0219i mergem s\u0103 ne spargem \u00een Vam\u0103. Ci pentru c\u0103 a \u00eencununat un efort sindical care a asigurat muncitorilor din ora\u0219e ziua de lucru de opt ore.<\/p>\n

Un rudiment a ceea ce noi cunoa\u0219tem azi ca raporturi normale de munc\u0103 a \u00eenceput o dat\u0103 cu revolu\u021bia industrial\u0103. Din a doua jum\u0103tate a secolului al XVIII-lea, burghezia a devenit noua clas\u0103 dominant\u0103 economic, pe m\u0103sur\u0103 ce au ap\u0103rut primele fabrici, ateliere \u0219i procese de produc\u021bie.<\/p>\n

Desigur, ca orice clas\u0103 privilegiat\u0103 de-a lungul istoriei, burghezia \u00een\u021belegea s\u0103-\u0219i exploateze muncitorii p\u00e2n\u0103 \u00eei storcea de ultimul strop de s\u0103n\u0103tate \u0219i energie, apoi \u00eei d\u0103dea afar\u0103 pur \u0219i simplu \u0219i c\u0103uta al\u021bii. Abuzul era chiar mai facil dec\u00e2t la \u021bar\u0103, pentru c\u0103 latifundiarul avea de a face cu aceia\u0219i \u021b\u0103rani, \u0219i cum avea grij\u0103 de ei, a\u0219a \u00eei avea, pe c\u00e2nd la ora\u0219, popula\u021bia \u00een num\u0103r ridicat, oamenii care veneau \u0219i plecau, abunden\u021ba de for\u021b\u0103 de munc\u0103 depersonaliza raporturile interumane \u0219i simplifica exploatarea neru\u0219inat\u0103 pe fa\u021b\u0103.<\/p>\n

Iat\u0103 de ce, \u00een formele lui ini\u021biale, de protest \u00eempotriva abuzului la care erau supu\u0219i oamenii simpli, socialismul a fost o idee bun\u0103 \u0219i o mi\u0219care necesar\u0103. Lui \u00eei dator\u0103m drepturi ca: salariul minim, ziua de munc\u0103 de opt ore, compensa\u021bie pentru ore suplimentar\u0103, concediu medical, de odihn\u0103 \u0219i s\u0103rb\u0103tori pl\u0103tite, respectiv ideea de pensie dup\u0103 atingerea v\u00e2rstei c\u00e2nd, teoretic, devii inapt de munc\u0103.<\/p>\n

\u00cen prima faz\u0103, mi\u0219carea sindical\u0103, adic\u0103 organiza\u021biile care negociau drepturile muncitorilor, a fost strict interzis\u0103 prin lege \u0219i pedepsit\u0103 ca atare. Dar, dup\u0103 valul de revolu\u021bii care au zguduit Europa \u00een 1848, menite s\u0103 desfiin\u021beze varii forme de tiranie \u00een diverse \u021b\u0103ri, a venit \u0219i prima organiza\u021bie dedicat\u0103 drepturilor muncii: \u00een 1864, la Londra, s-a \u00eenfiin\u021bat Asocia\u021bia Interna\u021bional\u0103 a Muncitorilor. Scopul ei era ca s\u0103 citez un cli\u0219eu comunist care a fost at\u00e2t de abuzat \u00een ceau\u0219ism \u00eenc\u00e2t \u0219i-a pierdut sensul: lupta de clas\u0103.<\/p>\n

Principalul p\u0103cat al comunismului bol\u0219evic, din punctul meu de vedere, e c\u0103 a luat toate aceste idei nobile \u0219i le-a golit de sens repet\u00e2ndu-le mecanic \u0219i lipsit de context, \u00eenc\u00e2t ai ajuns s\u0103 le ur\u0103\u0219ti numai auzindu-le. Lupta de clas\u0103, la origine, a fost un lucru necesar. S\u0103 nu mori de diverse boli c\u0103p\u0103tate \u00een urma muncii de 14 ore pe zi, 7 zile pe s\u0103pt\u0103m\u00e2n\u0103, \u00een condi\u021bii toxice, pl\u0103tit cu prea pu\u021bin pentru a supravie\u021bui decent. Ideile lor de egalitate erau surprinz\u0103tor de moderne. \u00cen 1867, au admis \u0219i primul membru femeie, Harriet Law, cu un discurs despre drepturile femeilor.<\/p>\n

Senza\u021bia mea vag\u0103 este c\u0103 socialismul a ajuns s\u0103 acapareze jum\u0103tate de planet\u0103 taman pentru c\u0103 a fost prima ideologie care \u0219i-a propus s\u0103 trateze femeile ca pe egali \u0219i a mizat pe entuziasmul \u0219i cooperarea \u00eenfl\u0103c\u0103rat\u0103 a acestora. \u0218i a mers.<\/p>\n

Ideile promovate de sociali\u0219ti legate de drepturile muncitorilor au \u00eenceput s\u0103 cuprind\u0103 planeta \u00een lung \u0219i \u00een lat, \u0219i au dus la o sumedenie de greve. Cea care a cimentat 1 mai drept ziua interna\u021bional\u0103 a muncii a avut loc la Chicago, \u0219i s-a numit Haymarket Riot. Pe 1 mai 1886, a avut loc o grev\u0103 general\u0103 pentru ziua de munc\u0103 de opt ore. A intervenit brutal poli\u021bia, \u0219i \u00een \u00eencercarea lor de a dispersa protestatarii, a ucis o persoan\u0103 \u0219i a r\u0103nit mai multe. Un individ r\u0103mas necunoscut, un posibil agitator, a aruncat cu o bomb\u0103 cu dinamit\u0103 \u00een brigada de poli\u021bie, iar aceasta a ucis \u0219apte ofi\u021beri \u0219i a r\u0103nit pe mul\u021bi al\u021bii, inclusiv patru muncitori.<\/p>\n

Represaliile au fost crunte. Principalii lideri sindicali au fost acuza\u021bi \u0219i condamna\u021bi f\u0103r\u0103 dovezi de conspira\u021bionism, condamna\u021bi la moarte prin sp\u00e2nzur\u0103toare. Adev\u0103rata miz\u0103: reducerea la t\u0103cere a r\u0103scula\u021bilor.<\/p>\n

\u00cen amintirea acestei tic\u0103lo\u0219ii f\u0103r\u0103 margini, ziua de 1 mai a r\u0103mas un simbol al luptei de clas\u0103 care, iat\u0103, odinioar\u0103 era un termen cu sens, \u0219i un reminder c\u0103 toate drepturile de care te bucuri azi, tu ca salariat, fiecare paragraf \u0219i virguli\u021b\u0103 din codul muncii sunt negociate cu curaj, integritate, s\u00e2nge \u0219i sacrificii de oameni din trecut.<\/p>\n

Iar asta, pentru mine, e motiv de s\u0103rb\u0103toare foarte valid \u0219i real. O s\u0103 beau vin ro\u0219u sec \u00een amintirea lor.<\/p>\n

***<\/p>\n

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1 mai, cunoscut\u0103 drept ziua interna\u021bional\u0103 a muncitorilor sau, pe scurt, Ziua Muncii, e una dintre cele mai importante s\u0103rb\u0103tori ale anului. \u0218i nu...<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":21688,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2},"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-21687","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-spicy"],"jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/lorenalupu.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/HaymarketRiot-Harpers.jpg?fit=964%2C669&ssl=1","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_likes_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/lorenalupu.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/21687","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/lorenalupu.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/lorenalupu.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/lorenalupu.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/lorenalupu.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=21687"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/lorenalupu.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/21687\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":26418,"href":"https:\/\/lorenalupu.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/21687\/revisions\/26418"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/lorenalupu.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/21688"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/lorenalupu.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=21687"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/lorenalupu.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=21687"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/lorenalupu.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=21687"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}