{"id":26263,"date":"2024-03-30T12:05:19","date_gmt":"2024-03-30T09:05:19","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/lorenalupu.com\/blog\/?p=26263"},"modified":"2024-03-30T12:05:21","modified_gmt":"2024-03-30T09:05:21","slug":"istoria-filmelor-cu-vampiri-1-dracula-1931","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/lorenalupu.com\/blog\/istoria-filmelor-cu-vampiri-1-dracula-1931\/","title":{"rendered":"Istoria filmelor cu vampiri 1: Dracula (1931)"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Nu e greu de \u00een\u021beles de ce pove\u0219tile cu vampiri au fascinat mereu cre\u0219tin\u0103tatea. Dac\u0103 punem pe de o parte restric\u021biile vie\u021bii f\u0103r\u0103 p\u0103cate \u0219i plictiseala crunt\u0103 a predicilor slujitorului Domnului, e de \u00een\u021beles de ce diavolul era mult mai tentant, chiar dac\u0103 n-o spunea nimeni pe \u0219leau. Pe de alt\u0103 parte, ignoran\u021ba \u0219i frica provocat\u0103 de epidemiile \u0219i nenorocirile care r\u0103v\u0103\u0219eau periodic Europa n\u0103\u0219teau mituri \u0219i legende legate de fiin\u021be blestemate, care sfidau regulile societ\u0103\u021bii \u0219i f\u0103ceau lucr\u0103tura celui necurat. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u00cen secolul al 19-lea, romantismul t\u00e2rziu se manifesta \u00een literatur\u0103 prin abunden\u021b\u0103 de romane horror gotice. Printre multe alte tropes despre care voi scrie altc\u00e2ndva, c\u00e2nd voi avea eu chef, o tem\u0103 care g\u00e2dila deopotriv\u0103 imagina\u021bia publicului \u0219i a autorilor era aceea a vampirului remuritor \u0219i rece. Printre romanele de mare succes ale epocii s-au num\u0103rat \u201eThe Vampyre\u201d de John William Polidori, \u201eCarmilla\u201d de Joseph Sheridan Le Fanu \u0219i o mic\u0103 c\u0103rticic\u0103 de care probabil a\u021bi mai auzit: \u201eDracula\u201d de Bram Stoker. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Romanul care a pus Rom\u00e2nia pe hart\u0103 din punct de vedere turistic a fost scris de un irlandez pasionat de mystery \u0219i de horror. Un copil boln\u0103vicios care \u0219i-a petrecut primii ani de via\u021b\u0103 \u00een pat, Bram Stoker avea o obsesie fa\u021b\u0103 de boal\u0103, moarte, vulnerabilitatea corpului omenesc \u0219i idealul unei fiin\u021be supranaturale imune la toate bolile: vampirul. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u201eDracula\u201d a fost un succes. Un succes at\u00e2t de r\u0103sun\u0103tor, \u00eenc\u00e2t a fost adaptat pentru scen\u0103. \u00cent\u00e2i \u00een 1924, la Little Theatre din Londra. Apoi, un produc\u0103tor american a v\u0103zut o reprezenta\u021bie, a apreciat poten\u021bialul \u0219i a creat un \u201eDracula\u201d \u0219i pe Broadway. Ambele spectacole au fost mari, mari succese. Publicul se \u00eenghesuia s\u0103 savureze povestea principelui rom\u00e2n damnat la o nemurire s\u00e2ngeroas\u0103. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Tot \u00een 1927, s-a produs un alt reset cultural: primul film de lung metraj sonor: The Jazz Singer, produs de Warner Bros Pictures (da, e o companie istoric\u0103). Filmele sonore aveau nevoie de un alt tip de poveste, mai complex\u0103, de vreme ce cuv\u00e2ntul re\u021binea altfel aten\u021bia publicului \u0219i de un val nou de vedete, care s\u0103 \u0219tie s\u0103 vorbeasc\u0103 profesional. \u00cen mare parte, actori de teatru. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Paradoxal, primul personaj rom\u00e2n care a intrat \u00een #trending cultural interna\u021bional, Dracula, urma s\u0103 fie jucat de un actor ungur veteran \u00een teatru \u00een \u021bara lui natal\u0103, emigrat \u00een State s\u0103 v\u00e2neze visul american: Bela Lugosi. Lugosi a jucat rolul pe Broadway. \u0218i interpretarea lui misterioas\u0103, \u0219armul lui natural \u0219i, nu \u00een ultimul r\u00e2nd, accentul de neconfundat, i-au deschis u\u0219ile Hollywoodului. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">La numai patru ani de la produc\u021bia primului film sonor creat vreodat\u0103, \u00een 1931, Universal Pictures a adaptat piesa de teatru care f\u0103cea furori pe Broadway \u0219i a lansat ceea ce urma a fi un secol de succes \u0219i un personaj emblem\u0103 al cinematografiei: Dracula. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Filmul se g\u0103se\u0219te online, gratuit. Cine \u00ee\u0219i dore\u0219te s\u0103 afle cum se f\u0103cea horror \u00een 1931, e liber s\u0103-l vizioneze. <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/vimeo.com\/6995984\">Aici<\/a><\/strong>. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-4-3 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n<div class=\"video-container\"><span class=\"embed-youtube\" style=\"text-align:center; display: block;\"><iframe loading=\"lazy\" class=\"youtube-player\" width=\"700\" height=\"394\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/VoaMw91MC9k?version=3&#038;rel=1&#038;showsearch=0&#038;showinfo=1&#038;iv_load_policy=1&#038;fs=1&#038;hl=en-US&#038;autohide=2&#038;wmode=transparent\" allowfullscreen=\"true\" style=\"border:0;\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts allow-same-origin allow-popups allow-presentation allow-popups-to-escape-sandbox\"><\/iframe><\/span><\/div>\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Vizion\u00e2nd filmul, remarc\u0103m patru aspecte: <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>A. Teatralitatea interpret\u0103rii <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Primele vedete ale filmului sonor erau toate, absolut toate, vedete de teatru. A fost nevoie s\u0103 treac\u0103 mai mul\u021bi ani p\u00e2n\u0103 \u00een punctul \u00een care s-a diferen\u021biat jocul actoricesc pentru camera de filmat de cel scenic. Gesturile sunt ample, replicile sunt date declamativ, retoric, cu dic\u021bie exagerat\u0103. Vezi un film \u0219i pe toat\u0103 durata lui, ai senza\u021bia c\u0103 vezi o pies\u0103 de teatru. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Nimeni nu e preocupat s\u0103 sune credibil, sau s\u0103 redea emo\u021bii subtile. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>B) Efectele comice <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Toat\u0103 nebunia lui Renfield, toate interac\u021biunile din casa dr. Seward sunt redate \u00eentr-o not\u0103 de comedie care \u00ee\u021bi aminte\u0219te de parodia lui Mel Brooks din 1995, \u201eDracula: Dead and Loving It\u201d. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">E de luat \u00een considerare faptul c\u0103, \u00een 1931, lung-metrajul sonor era un teritoriu nou, c\u0103 riscul pe care \u0219i-l asumau produc\u0103torii era uria\u0219, c\u0103 exista o team\u0103 c\u0103 publicul va scuipa \u00een s\u00e2n \u0219i va zice \u201eptiu, ucig\u0103-l toaca\u201d \u0219i atunci s-a pedalat din greu pe comedie pentru a contrabalansa tema horror. \u0218i apropo de tema horror: <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>C) Nu exist\u0103 gore <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Modificarea fizic\u0103 a transform\u0103rii \u00een vampiri e redat\u0103 de actori strict prin expresia fe\u021bei, dublat\u0103 de regie prin prim-plan \u0219i lumin\u0103 specific\u0103. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Momentul propriu-zis c\u00e2nd vampirul \u00ee\u0219i \u00eenfige col\u021bii \u00een victim\u0103 nu e niciodat\u0103 ar\u0103tat pe ecran. Scena se taie c\u00e2nd vampirul se apleac\u0103 asupra muritorului ghinionist. Nu vedem nici m\u0103car o pic\u0103tur\u0103 de s\u00e2nge. Iar moartea lui Dracula se \u00eent\u00e2mpl\u0103 \u00een off. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Tot at\u00e2tea precau\u021bii pentru a nu scandaliza puritanii vremii. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Greu de crezut pentru noi, fanii genului horror de azi, care ne distr\u0103m s\u0103 vedem cadavre \u00een varii etape de descompunere. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>D) Filmul e intens influen\u021bat de expresionismul german din anii 20. <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Dup\u0103 primul r\u0103zboi mondial, izolarea politic\u0103, economic\u0103 \u0219i cultural\u0103 a Germaniei a avut \u0219i un efect cultural pozitiv: un curent cinematografic de o estetic\u0103 aparte. O recunoa\u0219tem \u00een tehnica de filmare, \u00een unghiurile din care e surprins\u0103 ac\u021biunea, \u00een lumina \u0219i muzica intens\u0103, care pun accentul pe stranietate \u0219i suspans, \u00een accentul pe expresia mult exagerat\u0103, ba chiar distorsionat\u0103, a interpretului. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">S\u0103 ne mai uit\u0103m o dat\u0103 la screenshotul din intro: <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"700\" height=\"403\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/lorenalupu.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/bela-lugosi-1.jpg?resize=700%2C403&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-26266\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/lorenalupu.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/bela-lugosi-1.jpg?resize=1024%2C589&amp;ssl=1 1024w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/lorenalupu.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/bela-lugosi-1.jpg?resize=300%2C173&amp;ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/lorenalupu.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/bela-lugosi-1.jpg?resize=150%2C86&amp;ssl=1 150w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/lorenalupu.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/bela-lugosi-1.jpg?resize=768%2C442&amp;ssl=1 768w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/lorenalupu.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/bela-lugosi-1.jpg?w=1424&amp;ssl=1 1424w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 700px) 100vw, 700px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Dac\u0103 l-ai vedea f\u0103r\u0103 s\u0103 \u0219tii din ce film vine, n-ai ghici c\u0103 e dintr-un film american. P\u00e2n\u0103 \u0219i grafica folosit\u0103 pentru generic e inspirat\u0103 din filmele expresioniste. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Evident, filmul a fost un mare succes. \u0218i, cum se \u00eent\u00e2mpl\u0103 atunci c\u00e2nd un film e un mare succes, protagonistul s\u0103u va fi distribuit numai pe roluri din acela\u0219i registru. \u00cen \u021bara lui natal\u0103, Lugosi a fost un actor complex \u0219i versatil, care a jucat tot ce a vrut. Odat\u0103 cu acest debut memorabil \u00een film, Hollywoodul a f\u0103cut din Lugosi o emblem\u0103 a genului horror timpuriu p\u00e2n\u0103 la moarte. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0218i a\u0219a, dragii mo\u0219ului, marele ecran \u0219i-a celebrat primul vampir. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">***<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Dac\u0103 apreciezi acest articol, po\u021bi sus\u021bine la r\u00e2ndul t\u0103u site-ul \u00een singurul mod care conteaz\u0103.&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.paypal.com\/paypalme\/Trollywood\"><strong>Aici<\/strong><\/a>. Pentru dona\u021bii de 50 de euro sau mai mult, \u00eemi po\u021bi propune tu un subiect. Pentru dona\u021bii de 25 de euro sau mai mult, po\u021bi propune o poezie pentru<strong>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.tiktok.com\/@lorena.lupu\">cele 365 de zile de poezie.<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">***<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><a href=\"http:\/\/paypal.me\/Trollywood\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"300\" height=\"300\" src=\"https:\/\/i2.wp.com\/lorenalupu.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/cafea-300x300.jpg?resize=300%2C300\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-14577\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/lorenalupu.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/cafea.jpg?resize=300%2C300&amp;ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/lorenalupu.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/cafea.jpg?resize=150%2C150&amp;ssl=1 150w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/lorenalupu.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/cafea.jpg?resize=768%2C768&amp;ssl=1 768w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/lorenalupu.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/cafea.jpg?resize=160%2C160&amp;ssl=1 160w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/lorenalupu.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/cafea.jpg?resize=320%2C320&amp;ssl=1 320w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/lorenalupu.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/cafea.jpg?resize=184%2C184&amp;ssl=1 184w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/lorenalupu.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/cafea.jpg?resize=600%2C600&amp;ssl=1 600w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/lorenalupu.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/cafea.jpg?resize=100%2C100&amp;ssl=1 100w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/lorenalupu.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/cafea.jpg?w=931&amp;ssl=1 931w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">***<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Vrei s\u0103 m\u0103 urm\u0103re\u015fti \u00een social media? \u00cemi po\u0163i da like pe&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/lorenaalmighty\/\"><strong>Facebook<\/strong><\/a>, follow pe&nbsp;<strong><a href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/lorenalupu\">Twitter<\/a><\/strong>&nbsp;\u015fi&nbsp;<strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.instagram.com\/lorena.lup\/\">Instagram<\/a><\/strong>, subscribe pe&nbsp;<strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/channel\/UCCHBtHi6S2GlUFqETH70cjQ\">YouTube<\/a><\/strong>&nbsp;\u015fi pe<strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.tiktok.com\/@lorena.lupu\">&nbsp;TikTok<\/a><\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Nu e greu de \u00een\u021beles de ce pove\u0219tile cu vampiri au fascinat mereu cre\u0219tin\u0103tatea. Dac\u0103 punem pe de o parte restric\u021biile vie\u021bii f\u0103r\u0103 p\u0103cate&#46;&#46;&#46;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":26265,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2},"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-26263","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-spicy"],"jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/lorenalupu.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/bela-lugosi.jpg?fit=1424%2C819&ssl=1","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_likes_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/lorenalupu.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/26263","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/lorenalupu.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/lorenalupu.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/lorenalupu.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/lorenalupu.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=26263"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/lorenalupu.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/26263\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":26267,"href":"https:\/\/lorenalupu.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/26263\/revisions\/26267"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/lorenalupu.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/26265"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/lorenalupu.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=26263"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/lorenalupu.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=26263"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/lorenalupu.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=26263"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}